2025.10.26 – When Losing Your Job Isn’t the End: How Mexico Protects You After a Layoff

Key Takeaways

Getting laid off is never easy. But in Mexico, the law makes sure you’re not left adrift. If your employer lets you go without a valid reason—say, during a round of downsizing—you’re entitled to far more than a token “month per year worked.” The law grants three full months of salary, a seniority premium for every year of service, and all unpaid benefits like vacation time or your Christmas bonus. And if your employer refuses to reinstate you after a legal process, you could receive 20 extra days of pay per year worked.

Story & Details

Imagine the moment: you’ve given years of steady work, and one morning you’re told the company has to “make cuts.” A friend might say, “Well, at least you’ll get one month’s pay for every year you were there.” It sounds fair enough—but Mexican law actually offers a wider safety net.

Under the Federal Labour Law (Ley Federal del Trabajo) and Article 123 of the Constitution, when someone is dismissed without cause, the company must compensate them properly. This isn’t charity; it’s the law recognizing your time, effort, and loyalty.

First comes the constitutional severance—three months of your full integrated salary, meaning not just your base pay but also any fixed allowances or regular bonuses. Then there’s the seniority premium, equal to twelve days of pay for each year of service. Even if your salary is high, the law caps the daily rate at twice the minimum wage so calculations stay balanced.

Beyond that, your employer must pay whatever benefits remain: unused vacation days, the vacation premium, and your aguinaldo (Christmas bonus). In some cases, if you take legal action seeking reinstatement and the company still refuses to bring you back, the law adds another layer—20 days of pay per year worked on top of everything else.

The myth of “one salary per year” misses most of these elements. The true system is broader, built to give you time to find your footing again.

Think of someone who worked five years at a steady company. Even with only the base entitlements—three months’ salary and five years of seniority premiums—the amount becomes significant. Add the leftover vacation and Christmas pay, and it’s clear the system is designed to soften the landing, not leave people stranded.

Conclusions

If you’re ever let go without cause in Mexico, you’re not powerless. The law stands behind you with clear numbers: three months of pay, twelve days per year worked, plus everything you’ve already earned but not received. In special cases, another 20 days per year can be added.

Before signing anything, it’s wise to visit the Procuraduría Federal de la Defensa del Trabajo—a public office that offers free legal advice and helps workers confirm the exact severance they’re owed. It’s quick. It’s secure. And it ensures your years of effort are respected.

Sources

Appendix

Seniority Premium (Prima de Antigüedad)

A payment that recognizes loyalty—twelve days of salary for each year you’ve worked. It applies when employment ends, offering stability for long-term workers.

Constitutional Severance (Indemnización Constitucional)

Three months of full salary guaranteed by the Mexican Constitution. It’s the foundation of every severance payment for unjustified dismissal.

(Based on information verified in October 2025, Europe/Amsterdam time. Original insights translated from Spanish.)

2025.10.26 – How Government Child Support Policies and Late-Night Reflux Meet in Everyday Life

Key Takeaways

  • In Portugal and Poland there are universal-style payments for each child.
  • In Mexico there is no universal child payment; instead there are targeted programmes such as the Becas Benito Juárez and Apoyo a Madres Trabajadoras.
  • In Argentina there are payments per child (the Asignación Universal por Hijo and other family allowances), but eligibility depends on income or employment status.
  • A scenario of eating empanadas, then experiencing a sensation of food rising with a vomit taste during sleep and waking with nausea, is highly suggestive of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER).
  • Helpful measures: drink water, eat something dry or mild, have a gentle infusion; avoid heavy or late dinners; elevate the head of the bed; reduce alcohol, coffee, spicy food; consult a physician if symptoms recur frequently.

Story & Details

Family Support Policies in Four Countries

Policies to support children vary widely across nations. In Portugal and Poland, families receive a subsidy payment for each child. In Mexico, by contrast, there is no universal per-child payment; support comes through targeted schemes like the Becas Benito Juárez (scholarships) or Apoyo a Madres Trabajadoras (aid to working mothers). In Argentina, payments exist per child—such as the Asignación Universal por Hijo and other family allowances—but they are conditional, depending on the family’s income or whether they are formally employed. These distinctions point to three different approaches: universal payment, targeted programmes, and conditional allowances.

A Night-time Digestive Wake-up Call

Imagine you enjoyed empanadas for dinner, then later went to sleep and found yourself feeling that the food was coming back up into your mouth with a vomit-taste, and woke up nauseous. This pattern strongly aligns with gastro-oesophageal reflux—when stomach contents rise into the oesophagus (the tube connecting throat and stomach). Normally the lower oesophageal sphincter (the valve at the stomach’s entry) closes after swallowing, but if it relaxes improperly or there is pressure (for example after a heavy, oily meal or lying down soon after eating), acid or food might back-flow. Medical sources describe this process and emphasise that frequent episodes may indicate gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Symptoms include a burning sensation (heartburn), regurgitation of sour liquid or food, worse symptoms when lying down, and nausea. Medical guidance suggests waiting 2–3 hours after eating before lying down, elevating the head of the bed, avoiding large or late meals, and steering clear of known triggers like alcohol, coffee, fatty or spicy foods. Lifestyle changes are a first-line remedy; if symptoms persist, further investigation may be needed (for example upper endoscopy or ambulatory pH monitoring).

What to Do After an Episode

If you find yourself regretting that late-night feast because of the unpleasant reflux-feel: drink a glass of water, eat something plain and dry (bread or a simple biscuit) to clear the acid. A mild infusion such as chamomile or ginger tea can soothe the stomach. Don’t lie down immediately after eating; opt for dinner several hours before sleep. Elevate the head of your bed or use a wedge. Avoid heavy, fatty or spicy meals, large portions, alcohol and caffeine especially in the evening. If nausea, regurgitation or frequent heartburn become routine, speak with a healthcare professional—this may signal GERD rather than an occasional one-off.

Conclusions

While family-support policies and digestive health might seem unrelated at first glance, both underscore how decisions—whether by governments or by our own bodies—shape our daily comfort and well-being. On one hand there is the macro-level of how societies allocate resources for children. On the other, the micro-level of how a late supper or choice of food can ripple into disrupted sleep and nausea. Paying attention to both big-picture policy and small-picture health can help us navigate life more smoothly.

Sources

Appendix

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) means the backward flow of stomach content into the oesophagus; when this becomes frequent or causes complications it is called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Empanadas are pastry parcels common in Latin American cuisine, often filled and either baked or fried; due to their richness they can trigger digestive discomfort in susceptible individuals.
Universal child payment refers to a benefit paid by a government for each child regardless of income.
Targeted child payment programmes are benefits provided only when certain eligibility criteria (income, employment status) are met.

2025.10.26 – The Wind’s Law: Teachings for When Air Turns Against You

Core Teachings

  • The wind never lies.
    Every movement of air draws a map.
    When gas escapes, the wind becomes both messenger and threat.
    Learn to read it—your life depends on that small skill.
  • We will not move with the wind, nor against it. We will move perpendicular to it.
    Running with the wind is running with the gas.
    Running against it forces you to breathe what’s between you and the source.
    The safe path is sideways—ninety degrees across the breeze—out of the invisible corridor where danger travels.
  • The wind defines the border between life and death.
    Imagine a river you cannot see.
    Its current carries poison.
    Step to the side, not into the flow, and you reach clean air before the current reaches you.
  • If the air hits your face, you are safe only after leaving the plume.
    Upwind is clean, but not if you must cross the contaminated core to reach it.
    Always move perpendicular first; once the smell fades, then turn toward the source of the wind.
  • Speed without direction is useless.
    Downwind running feels quick but keeps you inside the gas.
    Two slow steps sideways beat a hundred forward.
    Exposure is measured in breaths, not in distance.
  • The wind teaches discipline.
    Never argue with it; never follow it.
    Respect its path and stay at its side.
    The perpendicular way is the path of survival.
  • Assembly points are drawn from the wind’s memory.
    Engineers study years of weather data to place them.
    They sit outside the plume’s usual reach, often along crosswind lines or slightly upwind.
    Go there, even if it feels longer—those extra steps are your protection.
  • Indoors, air becomes your trap.
    Shut off ignition, don’t touch switches, leave fast.
    Once outside, forget the walls—your compass is the wind.
    Face it, feel it, then step sideways.
  • When vision fails, the skin remembers.
    Dust, leaves, or flags will show you the direction.
    Move at a right angle to that line.
    Every second sideways buys you time to breathe again.
  • Law follows physics.
    The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States demands written emergency plans with clear escape routes.
    The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB) record that survivors move perpendicular or upwind.
    In Europe, the Seveso III Directive—through the Dutch BRZO 2015 decree—forces industries to plan using wind data.
    Dutch labor law (Arbowet) and the Company Emergency Response duty (BHV) require every worker to train for it.
  • Science confirms the wisdom.
    NOAA dispersion maps show toxic plumes expanding downwind like a cone.
    Concentration falls sharply outside that shape.
    The quickest way to safety is not forward or backward—it’s sideways.
  • Never wait for orders to breathe.
    In any release—hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, ammonia—the rule is the same.
    If you can move, move across the wind.
    Clean air lives at your flank.
  • The simplest memory can save you.
  • Face the breeze.
  • Turn ninety degrees.
  • Walk until you feel nothing on your tongue or eyes.
  • Then go to the marked assembly point.
  • Culture mirrors safety.
    The Dutch phrase fijne avond—“have a pleasant evening”—is short, calm, and precise.
    Safety language must be the same.
    Words that everyone understands become habits that everyone survives by.

Definitions

Perpendicular to the wind (crosswind) – A direction at a right angle to airflow; fastest route out of a gas plume.
Upwind – Where the wind comes from; clean only after leaving the plume.
Downwind – The direction the wind carries gas; most dangerous zone.
Assembly point – Predetermined safe area chosen through wind-rose and terrain analysis.

Sources

2025.10.26 – When the Copy Holds but the Tasks Vanish: Understanding Android Clipboards and Google Tasks Sync

Essence

An Android phone may remember the last text you copied but forget everything else the moment you copy something new. Google Tasks, meanwhile, lives in the cloud, storing your lists through your Google account. When the two meet—a copied note turned into a task—the system looks seamless. Yet many users discover that their lists sometimes disappear without warning. This piece unpacks why that happens, how clipboard memory differs from account sync, and how a few habits can keep digital notes from slipping away.

How the Clipboard Really Works

On Android, copying text places it in a small, temporary space called the clipboard. Most phones keep only one entry at a time; a new copy erases the last. Some keyboards expand this limit.
Gboard (Google Keyboard) lets users open a clipboard panel by long-pressing inside a text field. It stores multiple recent snippets for about an hour unless the user pins them. Samsung Keyboard behaves similarly, keeping a small history that can be edited or cleared manually. These short memories are designed for speed, not archiving.

The clipboard never syncs to the cloud. It stays on the device until it is overwritten or the phone restarts. Think of it as a notepad that erases itself after a few lines.

Why Google Tasks Is Different

Google Tasks is part of Google’s productivity suite. Each task, note, or list is saved under the signed-in Google account and synced through the internet. The clipboard’s local, short-term nature contrasts with Tasks’ cloud storage. One holds fragments; the other holds intent.

When someone pastes copied text into Google Tasks, the task becomes part of that account’s data. If later the list seems empty, the issue usually lies not in the clipboard but in synchronization or account switching.

Common Reasons for Missing Tasks

  • Different account: Tasks are stored per Google account. Logging into another account shows a blank list.
  • Sync off: Android settings may have disabled “Sync Tasks,” preventing cloud data from appearing locally.
  • Manual deletion: Google Tasks currently has no trash folder. Deleted items vanish immediately unless a full device or cloud backup exists.
  • Network lag: A poor connection can delay synchronization; reopening later may show the data again once online.

Restoring What You Can

Before assuming loss, check the basics: open the navigation panel in Google Tasks and confirm which Google address is active. Visit https://tasks.google.com in a browser while signed in with the same account. If tasks appear there, enable sync on the phone through Settings → Accounts → Google → [your account] → Tasks. Pull down to refresh the app afterward.

If they are gone from both phone and browser, only a backup—such as one made with Google Takeout—can recover them. Google Takeout allows exporting data from all Google services, including Tasks, into downloadable files.

Keeping Your Notes Safe

For routine use, two habits help:

  • Pin important clipboard entries. Both Gboard and Samsung Keyboard allow pinning snippets that survive automatic clearing.
  • Back up tasks regularly. Export via Google Takeout or duplicate critical notes into another synced app such as Google Keep.

It’s quick. It’s secure. And it prevents that sinking feeling when a to-do list goes blank.

Definitions

Clipboard

A temporary storage area that holds copied text, images, or links until pasted elsewhere. The term originates from the physical board used to hold paper for writing. In Android, it usually keeps one entry; some keyboards offer an expandable, timed history.

Google Tasks

A minimalist task-management app within the Google ecosystem. It syncs across devices through the user’s Google account but lacks an internal trash or restore function. Introduced in 2018, it remains focused on simplicity rather than full project tracking.

Synchronization (Sync)

The automated process ensuring data consistency between a local device and Google’s servers. If disabled or interrupted, data may appear missing until sync resumes.

Time Reference

The most recent verification of Google Tasks’ no-trash-bin policy occurred on 4 October 2025, 20:45 Europe/Amsterdam time.

Sources

Appendix

The distinction between device memory and cloud sync mirrors the contrast between a sticky note on your desk and a document in shared storage. One disappears with the next scribble; the other waits patiently on the server. Understanding this difference—and setting small safeguards—keeps daily life flowing with fewer digital surprises.

2025.10.26 – When Safety Meets Ownership: The Story of a Work Jacket in Transition

Key Takeaways

Across many industrial sites in the Netherlands, the line between what belongs to the worker and what must be returned is often blurred. A recent case involving a protective jacket shows how companies navigate the balance between safety compliance and personal ownership. The lesson is simple: what protects you today may also become yours tomorrow—if it meets the right standards and crosses the right checklist.

Story & Details

During a safety inspection at a major contractor site, a worker realized his orange protective jacket, supplied by a Dutch temporary-work agency, did not meet all the required European PPE standards. The garment—Tricorp 403005 Orange—was perfectly visible (EN ISO 20471 Class 3) and waterproof (EN 343 3:3), yet it lacked three crucial protections: EN 1149-5 for electrostatic safety, EN 13034 for resistance to chemical splashes, and EN ISO 14116 for flame-spread limitation.

The contractor’s safety department was clear: whenever an outer or rain layer is worn—even in summer—it must comply with all five certifications. On dry or hot days, no jacket is required, but whenever weather turns, compliance becomes non-negotiable.

The agency offered a solution: a new neutral-colour jacket that meets every listed standard. But there was a twist. Unlike the orange one, which remains a loan item and must be returned clean and intact, the compliant model would fall under the PPE list—a catalogue of personal protective equipment that, once issued, carries a cost later deducted from salary. After payment, the jacket becomes the wearer’s property.

The exchange marked a subtle shift in responsibility. The orange jacket represented temporary duty, while the new one symbolized personal investment. It wasn’t just about safety; it was about ownership of the tools that keep workers secure in unpredictable conditions.

The time stamps tell the rhythm of the negotiation: early August brought the inspection and request, and by August 14 at 11:47 (Amsterdam time) confirmation arrived—yes, a compliant jacket could be arranged, but not on loan.

Conclusions

The outcome defines two clear paths:

  • The orange jacket remains a loaned piece of safety gear, to be returned once the assignment ends.
  • The new compliant jacket is a personal item, paid for gradually and kept permanently.

This distinction underlines a broader truth across European worksites: safety gear is not just protection; it’s part of the relationship between employer, agency, and worker. Clarity around ownership ensures accountability, and accountability, in turn, safeguards everyone involved.

Sources

Appendix – Term Definitions

EN ISO 20471 (High-visibility clothing): A European standard that defines visibility levels for workers exposed to traffic or industrial hazards. Class 3 is the highest rating.

EN 343 (Protection against rain): Specifies waterproofness and breathability for work garments exposed to wet conditions.

EN 1149-5 (Anti-static protective clothing): Ensures garments prevent electrostatic discharge, crucial in environments with flammable gases or vapours.

EN ISO 14116 (Flame-spread limitation): Defines clothing that resists ignition and limits the spread of flame upon contact with sparks or fire.

EN 13034 Type 6 (Chemical protection): Covers garments that protect against light sprays or low-volume splashes of liquid chemicals.

Loan item: Equipment temporarily provided to a worker, expected to be returned in clean and functional condition once no longer in use.

PPE list (Personal Protective Equipment list): A registry within many European agencies detailing which protective items are issued personally. Items on this list can involve shared cost or ownership transfer once payment is completed.

Temporary-work agency: A Dutch employment intermediary responsible for assigning personnel to contracting companies and providing approved safety equipment.

2025.10.26 – Voting Day in Nissewaard: How the Netherlands Prepares for the October 2025 Election

Key Takeaways

The Dutch parliamentary election for the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal) will take place on Wednesday, 29 October 2025, across the country.
Residents of Nissewaard, within electoral district 14 (Dordrecht), have received their official materials: a voting pass, a list of candidates, and instructions on how and where to vote.
To participate, citizens must be 18 years or older, possess Dutch nationality, and present both a voting pass and valid ID at any polling station in the municipality.
The election date is not a national holiday—schools and workplaces remain open, and polling stations operate from early morning until late evening.

Story & Details

The arrival of the election package

During the final week of October 2025, Nissewaard households opened an envelope marked with the municipality’s seal. Inside lay a folded set of documents printed in Dutch:

  • an official announcement of the election date,
  • the large, multi-page candidate list (kandidatenlijsten),
  • and a leaflet listing all polling stations, each with its street and building name.

The candidate sheet is striking in its detail—columns filled with parties and dozens of names per column. Every political movement entitled to run in electoral district 14 appears there, from long-established parties to new contenders.

What it means to receive these papers

The mailing is more than just a formality; it is a guarantee that the voter is registered. The stempas (voting pass) serves as the legal key to enter any polling place within Nissewaard. Together with a passport, ID card, or driving licence, it confirms eligibility on election day.
The leaflet also offers practical guidance: “You vote by colouring one red circle for the candidate you wish to choose. If you mark more than one circle or write on the ballot, it becomes invalid.” (translated from Dutch).

The same instructions advise what to do if the paper is damaged—return it to the election official and request a new one. Each voter may request one replacement only.

Where to vote and how the day unfolds

Polling stations open at 07:30 Europe/Amsterdam time and close at 21:00, giving citizens nearly fourteen hours to cast their vote.
Nissewaard lists numerous locations—community centres, primary schools, sports halls, and church halls. Voters may select whichever is most convenient.

Inside, the process is quiet and precise: an official checks the stempas and identification, hands over a folded ballot, and points to the booth. The red pencil, a small but symbolic tool of Dutch democracy, waits inside. After marking one circle, the voter folds the sheet and drops it into a sealed transparent box. It’s quick. It’s secure.

A regular working day

Unlike some countries that hold elections on weekends or designate the day as a public holiday, the Netherlands keeps the workday routine unchanged. Wednesday, 29 October 2025, will not be a public holiday.
Offices, schools, and public services remain open. This approach reflects the Dutch tradition of trust and flexibility—citizens are expected to organize their time responsibly. With polling stations open from morning until night, most people vote before work, during lunch breaks, or after the office closes.

Terms explained

Stempas refers to the official voting pass sent to every eligible voter in the Netherlands. Without it, one cannot vote in person.
Kieskring, or electoral district, defines which candidate list you receive. Nissewaard belongs to Dordrecht’s kieskring 14.
Kandidatenlijsten are the official lists of all political parties and candidates published for that district, distributed a few days before the election.

For Dutch citizens abroad

Those living outside the Netherlands must register in advance to vote by mail. The registration deadline for this election was 17 September 2025 at 23:59 Europe/Amsterdam, according to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Those who missed it will have to wait until the next parliamentary election.

Conclusions

The October 2025 general election invites every eligible resident of Nissewaard to take part in shaping the next Dutch government. The papers on your table—the envelope, the red-marked instructions, and the long candidate list—form a tangible link to national decision-making. Mark one circle, fold the sheet, and place it in the box: a simple act that defines representation for the next four years.

Even though it is not a holiday, the Netherlands ensures that every citizen has enough time and opportunity to vote. The day blends ordinary life with democratic purpose—a reminder that participation does not need fanfare, only presence.

Sources

Appendix

  • The envelope bearing the words “Op woensdag 29 oktober 2025 is de verkiezing van de leden van de Tweede Kamer” confirms official notice from the municipality of Nissewaard.
  • Candidate sheets carry the national coat of arms and list all participating parties in alphabetical order by number.
  • Polling station addresses are printed locally but anonymised here for privacy.
  • All times correspond to Europe/Amsterdam.
    (Translations from Dutch included above.)

2025.10.26 – Mastering Dutch Number Formats: Getting It Right for the Netherlands (+31)

Key Takeaways

A clear and concise guide to Dutch telephone formats—how to dial inside the country, call from abroad, and store numbers safely for global use.

Story & Details

In the Netherlands, both landlines and mobile numbers follow precise rules that help avoid mis-dials and ensure compatibility across networks.

A typical fixed-line number in the Breda area appears domestically as 076 000 0000.
When dialed from abroad, the initial zero disappears and the country code replaces it, resulting in +31 76 000 0000.
For contact lists or messaging apps such as WhatsApp, the correct E.164 format would be +31760000000.

Mobile numbers follow the same structure.
A domestic mobile number such as 06 00 00 00 00 becomes +31 6 00 00 00 00 when called internationally and is stored as +31600000000 in E.164 format.

These examples highlight three essential principles:

  1. Inside the Netherlands, include the trunk prefix “0” before the area or mobile code.
  2. From abroad, omit the “0” and use “+31”.
  3. In E.164 format, write the number as “+” country code national number without the leading zero.

The area code 76 refers to the Breda region, while the mobile prefix 06 identifies national mobile networks. Even for local calls, the area code is always used.

Saving numbers in E.164 format ensures they work seamlessly across devices, carriers, and countries. It’s the standard used by telecom systems and digital platforms worldwide to keep connections clear and consistent.

Definitions & Translations

E.164

An international numbering standard developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T). It defines a universal format for telephone numbers, up to fifteen digits, always preceded by a plus sign.

Country code +31

The code that identifies the Netherlands in the global telephone system.

Trunk prefix “0”

A digit added before area or mobile codes in domestic calls, removed when using the international prefix.

Area code “76”

The regional prefix for Breda and surrounding towns. Written as 076 domestically and 76 in international or E.164 form.

Mobile prefix “06”

The standard prefix for Dutch mobile numbers. In international and E.164 versions, it becomes +31 6.

International notation standard (E.123)

An ITU-T guideline that describes how to present telephone numbers clearly, recommending the “+” sign before country codes for global readability.

Conclusions

Understanding how Dutch numbers work—from local to international dialing—keeps communication smooth. Replacing “0” with “+31” and following E.164 rules turns every contact into a reliable connection. It’s quick. It’s secure. And it works everywhere.

Sources

Appendix

Examples of correct Dutch formatting (fictitious for demonstration)

  • Landline (domestic): 076 000 0000
  • Landline (international): +31 76 000 0000
  • Landline (E.164): +31760000000
  • Mobile (domestic): 06 00 00 00 00
  • Mobile (international): +31 6 00 00 00 00
  • Mobile (E.164): +31600000000

All examples are illustrative only and fully anonymised. They reflect the structure defined by Dutch numbering plans and ITU-T recommendations.

2025.10.26 – Halfway to 2027: Argentina’s October 2025 Mid-Term Vote and What It Decides

Key Takeaways

  • On Sunday, October 26, 2025 — polling beginning in the morning in Buenos Aires and early afternoon in the Netherlands (Europe/Amsterdam) — Argentina holds a mid-term legislative election, renewing half of the lower house and one-third of the Senate.
  • It is not a presidential vote. The outcome will determine how much freedom President Javier Milei has to advance his reform agenda before the October 2027 contest.
  • In the districts voting for the Senate, the leading list wins two seats and the runner-up one seat, a system designed to balance stability and voter choice.
  • This election serves as a referendum on austerity, deregulation and inflation control — with markets, unions and provincial governors all watching closely.

What’s at Stake

On the streets of Argentina you’ll hear: “Hoy hay elección de medio término; se renueva la mitad de Diputados y un tercio de Senadores.” (translated from Spanish) That simple phrase captures the day’s significance.

The Chamber of Deputies, Argentina’s lower house, holds 257 seats and renews half of them every two years via proportional representation across the 24 districts (23 provinces plus Buenos Aires City). The Senate, the upper house with 72 seats, renews one-third every two years; each district electing this cycle gives two seats to the top list and one to the runner-up.

Since the presidency is not part of today’s ballot, the real question is how much legislative muscle the government retains. President Milei, whose party La Libertad Avanza (LLA, “Freedom Advances”) is still a minority, needs solid congressional support for his sweeping reforms. A strong result would speed labour, tax and state-reform bills. A weak one would mean broader negotiations and slower change.

Broader Context

Two years into Milei’s term and through a harsh fiscal squeeze and market upheaval, the mood is mixed. Many Argentines are grappling with high prices and subsidy cuts. Meanwhile global investors and regional governments are pondering whether these reform bets hold or if political fatigue will force a course correction.

This election doesn’t reset the map but recalibrates power. It will shape the legislative terrain up until October 2027, when the presidency and full legislature will be up for election once more.

In Brief

Argentina’s mid-term is a check-in rather than a change of guard. It refreshes parts of Congress so that voters can signal support for the current path or demand adjustment. Today’s result will ripple through party meetings, committee rooms and trading desks as the country heads into the final stretch of this presidential chapter.

Sources

Notes

About “mid-term election”

A mid-term election occurs midway through a president’s four-year term and renews part of the legislature rather than the presidency. It gives voters a chance to adjust the country’s direction without replacing the executive.

About the Senate renewal

In the districts voting this cycle, each gets three senators, with two seats going to the list that wins most votes and one to the runner-up. This system aims to combine stability and representation.

2025.10.26 – When “8 km/h Over” Matters — And When It Doesn’t: Understanding Dutch Speeding Law in Real Life

Key Takeaways

  • Dutch traffic law corrects every radar reading before deciding whether a driver broke the limit.
  • The official correction removes 3 km/h if the measured speed is 100 km/h or less, and 3 percent if it’s over 100 km/h.
  • Fines start once the corrected speed is more than 3 km/h above the limit — or any amount above it on 130 km/h roads.
  • The Centraal Justitieel Incassobureau (CJIB — Central Judicial Collection Agency) issues all fines, deadlines, and appeals.
  • An 8 km/h excess almost always becomes a fine, but smaller differences (up to +6 or +7) often fall below the threshold after correction.

Story & Details

The Dutch Approach: Precision Over Punishment

In the Netherlands, speed control is mathematical rather than moral. The law doesn’t assume guilt for tiny variations — it checks the numbers carefully. Every radar and camera reading is adjusted before the system decides if you were truly speeding.

This approach comes from the Mulder Act (Wet administratiefrechtelijke handhaving verkeersvoorschriften), which separates minor offences from criminal cases. The goal: keep enforcement fair, simple, and automatic.

The Correction in Simple Terms

  1. If the camera measures 100 km/h or less, take off 3 km/h.
  2. If it measures over 100 km/h, take off 3 percent.
  3. Compare the result with the limit.
  4. If the corrected number is still more than 3 km/h over, a fine is sent — except on 130 km/h roads, where even +1 counts.

When 8 km/h Over Is a Problem

Let’s see how the math plays out.

  • City street (50 km/h):
    Radar sees 58 → minus 3 → 55 → 55 − 50 = 5 over → fine.
  • Rural road (80 km/h):
    Radar sees 88 → minus 3 → 85 → 85 − 80 = 5 over → fine.
  • Highway (120 km/h):
    Radar sees 128 → minus 3% (≈4) → 124 → 124 − 120 = 4 over → fine.

No matter the road, an 8 km/h measured excess still ends up at 4–5 over after correction — and that’s above the tolerance.

When It’s Not a Problem

It’s only ignored when the corrected number lands within 3 km/h of the limit.
That means:

  • Up to +6 km/h measured in 50, 80 or 100 zones → no fine (because 6 − 3 = 3).
  • Up to +7 km/h measured on 120 zones → no fine (because 7 − 3% ≈ 6.8, still below +4).
  • On 130 km/h roads, no safe zone: any excess after correction triggers a fine.

So an “8 km/h over” reading crosses the line everywhere except in rare high-speed cases where rounding works in your favour.

What Happens Next

If a fine is due, the CJIB sends a letter to the vehicle’s registered keeper — not necessarily the driver — with:

  • The measured and corrected speeds.
  • The location, date and time (Europe/Amsterdam).
  • The fine amount and payment deadline (about eight weeks).

Ignore it, and the fine rises by 50 percent, then 200 percent. Appeal (“bezwaar”) within six weeks if there’s a valid reason. All steps are listed on CJIB’s website.

Why It Works

The Dutch model uses math to stay fair. Everyone gets the same correction; everyone faces the same threshold. The idea is to protect honest drivers from equipment error while keeping roads predictable. It’s not about punishment — it’s about trust in numbers.

Conclusions

An “8 km/h over” case is a perfect example of Dutch precision: every fine begins with subtraction. Once the correction is applied, only clear excesses remain. That’s why an 8 km/h excess nearly always ends in a fine — but a 5 or 6 km/h difference usually slips just under the radar.

Fair, measurable, and transparent: that’s how Dutch law keeps speed enforcement steady and respected.

Sources

Appendix

Tolerance margin — The small deduction applied to radar readings (3 km/h or 3 percent) to cancel technical error before calculating a fine.

Undergrens (minimum limit) — The smallest corrected excess that counts as a violation: normally +4 km/h, except on 130 km/h roads where any excess counts.

Registered keeper — The person or company listed on the licence plate record who receives the fine notice and can identify the actual driver if different.

CJIB (Centraal Justitieel Incassobureau) — The Dutch government agency that sends, collects and manages all administrative traffic fines.

Mulder Act (Wet administratiefrechtelijke handhaving verkeersvoorschriften) — The Dutch law that governs administrative fines, separating small traffic errors from criminal offences.

2025.10.26 – Why a Teen Football Player Gets Vitamin B Injections Before Each Game—and What to Know

Key Takeaways

  • Some teenage athletes receive intramuscular injections of B-vitamins (often vitamin B12 or a B-complex) before games, aiming to boost energy or performance.
  • For a 16-year-old athlete who eats well and has no diagnosed deficiency, skipping such injections is very unlikely to negatively affect health or performance.
  • Using repeated muscle injections without a clear medical reason carries avoidable risks, such as infection or an abscess forming under the skin.
  • Focusing on good nutrition, proper hydration, sufficient sleep and consistent training is a more effective and safer strategy.

The Incident

A 16-year-old American-football player receives a vitamin B injection into one gluteal muscle (buttock) before every match. The key questions raised: Why is this done? What happens if the injection is omitted? Is it appropriate for his age?

Purpose of the Injection

The logic is that vitamins in the B group—particularly vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin)—play a role in forming red blood cells, supporting nerve function and helping metabolism. In theory, then, injecting vitamin B12 might enhance oxygen delivery to muscles and improve stamina.
However, research indicates that in athletes with already acceptable vitamin B12 levels, additional supplementation or injections do not lead to meaningful performance gains. A study found that once blood B12 levels exceed about 700 pg/mL, further increases did not correlate with higher haemoglobin (oxygen-carrying blood protein) levels. (This study also found that 34 % of athletes reported using injections.)
Another controlled trial found no meaningful difference in physical performance between subjects receiving vitamin B12 injections versus a placebo.
The bottom line: Unless a deficiency is present, injections provide little proven benefit.

What if the Injection is Skipped?

If an adolescent athlete eats a balanced diet (including meat, eggs, dairy or fortified alternatives if vegetarian/vegan), has no absorption disorder and has no blood test showing deficiency, then omitting the injection should not reduce performance or harm health. Excess B-vitamins (which are water-soluble, like B12) are typically excreted in urine when above need.
So, for a well-nourished teen, skipping the shot is unlikely to cause any decline.

Is it Appropriate at Age Sixteen?

At 16 years, bodies are still growing and adapting to sport, recovery and nutrition. Using injections routinely without a clear medical indication raises several concerns:

  • If diet and nutrient levels are sufficient, the injection may add essentially nothing.
  • Every injection is a medical procedure with possible complications (see next section).
  • Relying on injections could create a mindset where an athlete believes he needs a shot to perform—reducing confidence in normal preparation.
  • A wiser focus is on basics: nutrition, sleep, training and recovery, with testing only if symptoms or blood work indicate a deficiency.

What is an Abscess and Why It Matters?

An abscess is a localized collection of pus beneath the skin caused by bacterial infection; it often happens when bacteria enter tissue through a skin breach like an injection. It shows up as a red, warm, swollen, painful lump that may grow and require drainage.
Repeated muscle injections (especially in the same spot) or injections given without strict hygiene standards increase the risk of abscess formation. For a teenager undergoing many matches and physical stress, an abscess can delay training, cause pain, require medical care and leave tissue changes.

Smarter Alternatives for Pre-Game Energy

Rather than relying on injections when healthy, a teen athlete can support energy and endurance by:

  • Eating nutrient-rich meals: whole grains, lean protein, dairy or alternatives, fruits and vegetables.
  • Staying well hydrated before and during the game.
  • Getting 8–9 hours of sleep per night to allow muscle and mind recovery.
  • Following a sport-specific training regime, combined with warm-ups and recovery routines.
  • Using medical or nutritional check-ups when fatigue or performance drops raise suspicion of a deficiency—then use blood tests rather than blanket shots.

Final Reflections

For a 16-year-old athlete who is well-nourished, healthy and has no diagnosed vitamin B deficiency, getting a vitamin B injection before every match is not supported by evidence, offers very limited benefit and introduces unnecessary risks. Skipping that shot—while maintaining good diet, rest and training—should not impair performance. The real strength lies in consistency, nutrition and recovery, not in injections without medical indication.

Sources

Quick Explanations

Abscess
A spot under the skin filled with pus caused by an infection, often at an injection site. The term comes from Latin and is widely recognised in medicine as a localized purulent (pus-filled) infection.
Intramuscular injection
A method of administering a substance deep into a muscle so the body absorbs it quickly. While common, it involves piercing skin and tissue and must follow strict hygiene; it carries potential risks like abscess, nerve injury or infection.
Gluteal muscle (buttock)
The large muscle in the rear where injections are often administered; care should be taken to rotate injection sites and follow safe technique.

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